Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964), India’s first Prime Minister, was a key architect of modern India’s political and economic framework. His ideas on secularism and socialism were central to his vision of a progressive and inclusive nation. Nehru’s interpretation of these concepts reflected his commitment to democracy, scientific temper, and equitable development. Nehru and Secularism Critiques of … Read more
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883–1966), a prominent figure in India’s independence movement, is best known for articulating the ideology of Hindutva in his 1923 essay Hindutva: Who is a Hindu?. While Savarkar’s vision of Hindutva has been influential in shaping political and social movements in modern India, it has also been a subject of extensive critique … Read more
Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) was a towering figure in Indian literature, art, and philosophy, often regarded as one of the most versatile geniuses of modern times. Born in Kolkata, India, he was a polymath—poet, playwright, novelist, philosopher, painter, and composer—whose contributions transcended national and cultural boundaries. Tagore is best known for his poetry, particularly his collection … Read more
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), popularly known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, was a visionary leader, social reformer, jurist, economist, and the principal architect of the Indian Constitution. Born into a Dalit (formerly untouchable) family in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, he faced severe caste-based discrimination from an early age.Ambedkar’s father was Ramji Maloji Sakpal, a Subedar in the … Read more
Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948), born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, was a visionary leader, social reformer, and the principal figure in India’s struggle for independence from British rule. Known as the “Father of the Nation,” Gandhi pioneered the philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa) and truth (Satya), advocating peaceful resistance to achieve social and political change. Born in Porbandar, Gujarat, … Read more
Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902) was a prominent Indian philosopher, spiritual leader, and social reformer who played a pivotal role in the revival of Hinduism and its global recognition. Born as Narendranath Datta in Kolkata, Vivekananda was a brilliant student with a keen interest in philosophy, spirituality, and social reform. He became a disciple of Sri Ramakrishna … Read more
Pandita Ramabai (1858–1922) was a pioneering Indian social reformer, scholar, and activist who championed women’s rights and education during British colonial rule. Born into a progressive Brahmin family, she defied societal norms by mastering Sanskrit and religious scriptures, which was unusual for women at the time. Her profound knowledge earned her the title Saraswati (Goddess … Read more
Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772–1833), Also known as the “Father of Modern India,” was a prominent social and religious reformer who championed progressive ideas and spearheaded several reform movements in colonial India. His efforts laid the groundwork for modern Indian society. Here’s an overview of his contributions to rights, reform movements, and liberalism: Rights Reform … Read more
Indian foreign policy is a strategic approach by the Indian government to safeguard and promote its national interests in the international sphere. It governs India’s interactions with other countries and international organizations, balancing national priorities with global commitments. Meaning of Indian Foreign Policy Indian foreign policy refers to the principles, strategies, and decisions that guide … Read more
