Introduction The study of history in India has a distinctive identity compared to the Western understanding of historical tradition. While the West generally views history as a chronological record of events emphasizing factual accuracy and political developments, the early Indian conception of history was moral, philosophical, and cyclical in nature. Ancient Indians viewed the past … Read more
Introduction Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) is widely regarded as one of the earliest and most influential novels in English literature. Beyond its adventure and realism, the novel stands as a powerful exploration of human survival, self-reliance, and moral development. The story of Robinson Crusoe — a man shipwrecked on a deserted island who must … Read more
Introduction Ben Jonson’s Volpone (1606) is one of the most brilliant and biting comedies of the Jacobean period. Set in Venice, it is a dark satire on greed, hypocrisy, and moral corruption. The title itself — Volpone, meaning “the fox” in Italian — gives the audience a direct clue to Jonson’s central technique: animal imagery. … Read more
Introduction The ancient Indian literary tradition is a vast ocean that reflects the cultural, moral, and social evolution of the civilization. Among the numerous Sanskrit plays, Mṛcchakaṭika (The Little Clay Cart) by King Śūdraka holds a special position. This ten-act drama, believed to have been composed between the 2nd century BCE and the 5th century … Read more
Introduction The ancient Indian literary tradition is a vast ocean that reflects the cultural, moral, and social evolution of the civilization. Among the numerous Sanskrit plays, Mṛcchakaṭika (The Little Clay Cart) by King Śūdraka holds a special position. This ten-act drama, believed to have been composed between the 2nd century BCE and the 5th century … Read more
1. Introduction Colonialism is one of the most transformative and controversial phenomena in world history. It refers to the practice of acquiring and maintaining political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically, culturally, and socially. Between the 15th and 20th centuries, colonialism reshaped the political, economic, and cultural structures of … Read more
1. Introduction The Governor is the constitutional head of each state in India. The office of the Governor is modeled after the President at the Union level. As per Article 153 of the Indian Constitution, there shall be a Governor for each state. The Governor serves as a vital link between the Union and the … Read more
