Introduction Financial markets are crucial for the mobilization of funds, efficient allocation of resources, and economic growth.They are broadly classified into: This module explains the meaning, features, instruments, and interlinkages of these markets, along with SEBI regulation and derivatives trading. Do you want me to create that PDF version?
Introduction Investment planning is the process of allocating resources today to generate returns in the future. It involves analyzing opportunities, evaluating risk, and choosing suitable financial products. Proper investment planning ensures financial security, wealth creation, and protection against uncertainties. This module covers: Benefits: 4. Investment Planning Process Steps in Investment Planning 5. Importance of Investment … Read more
Introduction The banking system plays a crucial role in the functioning of a modern economy. It mobilizes savings, provides credit, supports trade and industry, and ensures financial stability. In India, the banking system operates in a hierarchical structure, with commercial banks serving the public and the central bank (Reserve Bank of India) regulating and guiding … Read more
Affirmative Action Policies in India: Sources, Directions and Implications With Special Reference to Adivasis, Reservation Policy and Women Introduction Indian society has been marked by deep social and economic inequalities based on caste, class, gender, and tribal identity. To correct these historical injustices, the Indian Constitution provides for Affirmative Action policies—special measures designed to promote … Read more
Electoral Politics and the Changing Nature of Caste in India Political Mobilization of Caste Identities: A Changing Scenario Introduction Caste has been one of the most influential social institutions in India and has played a significant role in shaping electoral politics. In the early years after Independence, caste operated indirectly in politics, but over time … Read more
Indian Secularism, Caste and Equality: An Analytical Study Introduction India is a plural society marked by diversity of religion, caste, language, and culture. The Indian Constitution was designed to manage this diversity through principles such as secularism, equality, social justice, and democracy.This article explains: 1. Indian Aspect of Secularism Meaning of Indian Secularism Indian secularism … Read more
Rise of Hindutva Politics in India: Contemporary Scenario (Easy language, analytical points, suitable for 10–20 marks) Introduction Hindutva politics refers to a political ideology that emphasizes India’s cultural identity rooted in Hindu civilization. In contemporary India, Hindutva has become a major political force, shaping electoral competition, public discourse, and policy priorities. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || … Read more
Variants of Communal Politics in Post-Independent India Factors Responsible for the Growth of Communal Politics in India Hindu Nationalism: A Historical Analysis (Easy language, analytical points, suitable for 10–20 marks) Introduction India adopted secularism after independence, yet communal politics—politics based on religious identity—has remained influential. Understanding its variants, causes, and the evolution of Hindu nationalism … Read more
(Simple language, headings, points—ideal for 10–20 marks) Introduction India’s diversity of language, ethnicity, region, and religion has produced various regional and identity-based movements. Autonomy demands, globalization-driven inequalities, identity politics, and communalism have significantly shaped Indian politics. Understanding these helps explain federal accommodation and democratic challenges. Role of Globalization: Outcome: 3. Nature of Identity Politics in … Read more
Accommodation of Regional Aspirations in India (Easy language, suitable for 10–20 marks) Introduction India is a diverse country with multiple languages, cultures, regions, and ethnic identities.To maintain unity, the Indian state has accommodated regional aspirations through constitutional, political, and administrative measures such as linguistic reorganization, autonomy, statehood, and federal decentralisation. If you want:✔️ Short notes … Read more
