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Lokpal : Redressal of Public Grievances The Lokpal is an independent statutory body established to address public grievances related to corruption involving public servants in India. It was created through the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, in response to growing demands for an effective mechanism to investigate and act against corruption in high offices, including … Read more
Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 The Right to Information (RTI) Act was enacted by the Indian Parliament in 2005 to promote transparency and accountability in the functioning of public authorities. The Act empowers citizens to access information held by the government and public institutions, thereby fostering good governance and addressing corruption. Objective of the … Read more
Public Service Delivery System A Public Service Delivery System refers to the mechanisms, institutions, and processes through which government services are provided to citizens. These services can include healthcare, education, social security, sanitation, infrastructure, public transport, and more. The effectiveness of public service delivery systems is essential for ensuring good governance, fostering development, and improving … Read more
Social Welfare Policies – Employment: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is one of India’s most significant social welfare policies aimed at providing employment and improving livelihood security in rural areas. Enacted in 2005, the Act guarantees at least 100 days of wage employment … Read more
Food : Right to Food Security The Right to Food Security in India is primarily embodied in the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, also known as the Right to Food Act. This legislation aims to provide food security to a significant portion of the Indian population, ensuring that people, especially those from disadvantaged sections … Read more
Health: National Health Mission (NHM) The National Health Mission (NHM) is one of India’s largest health-focused social welfare programs aimed at improving the healthcare system in the country, especially for underserved populations. Launched by the Government of India in 2013, the NHM integrates two key health initiatives—the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the National … Read more
Education: Right to Education (RTE) The Right to Education (RTE) is a landmark social welfare policy in India that ensures free and compulsory education for all children. Enshrined in the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002, and operationalized through the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, this legislation is a significant step … Read more
Concept of Social Welfare Social welfare refers to the various forms of organized public or private social services and assistance provided to individuals and groups in need. It is based on the idea that society has a responsibility to ensure that all its members are provided with the basic necessities of life and have access … Read more
Budget Cycle in India The budget cycle in India refers to the formal process through which the government prepares, presents, approves, and executes its financial plan for the upcoming fiscal year. It is a comprehensive and detailed procedure that involves several stages and actors, including ministries, government agencies, Parliament, and the President of India. The … Read more
Budget : Types, Significance & Impacts 1. Types of Budgets Budgets are categorized based on various factors like the nature of expenses, approach to preparation, and the economic situation. Below are the main types of budgets used by governments, organizations, and individuals : A. Based on Nature of Expenditures B. Based on Economic Situation C. … Read more
