fundamental Duties of Indian Constitution

The Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens are outlined in Part IVA of the Indian Constitution under Article 51A. These duties were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 and are inspired by the Constitution of the Soviet Union. Although they are not enforceable by law, they serve as moral obligations for every citizen.

Here are the Fundamental Duties:

Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India:

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
11. To provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years. (Added by the 86th Amendment in 2002)

These duties emphasize the importance of active citizenship and remind individuals of their responsibilities towards the nation and society. They complement the Fundamental Rights, aiming to foster a sense of discipline and commitment among the citizens for the betterment of the country.