Migration: Meaning, Causes, and Consequences 1. Meaning of Migration Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently in a new location. This movement can occur within a country (internal migration) or across international borders (international migration). Migration may involve individuals or large groups … Read more
International Terrorism: Post 9/11 Developments The September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks in the United States marked a major turning point in how the world perceived and addressed international terrorism. The scale and sophistication of the attacks, which involved the hijacking of commercial planes and their use as weapons against iconic American landmarks, led to a … Read more
International Terrorism : Non-State Actors and State Actors International terrorism refers to violent acts committed by individuals or groups (both state and non-state actors) that cross national borders with the intention to create fear, achieve political goals, or coerce governments and societies. This form of terrorism targets civilians, governments, and institutions and has a global … Read more
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons : Overview, Causes, Characteristics, and Control Measures Proliferation of nuclear weapons refers to the spread of nuclear weapons and related technologies to nations that previously did not possess them. The proliferation of these weapons is a major global security concern due to the devastating impact nuclear weapons can have on international … Read more
Climate Change : Meaning, Causes, Characteristics, Types & Remedies Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, weather patterns, and atmospheric conditions, particularly those caused by human activities. It affects ecosystems, weather systems, biodiversity, and human life across the globe. 1. Meaning of Climate Change: Climate change is the significant and lasting alteration of global … Read more
Environment: Meaning, Components, Characteristics & Types The environment refers to the sum of all living and non-living things around us, which interact to shape the conditions for life on Earth. It encompasses everything from natural ecosystems to human-made landscapes and affects both individual species and entire ecological systems. Understanding the environment involves looking at its … Read more
Ecological Issues : International Environmental Agreements and Climate Change Ecological issues encompass the environmental challenges that affect the health of ecosystems, biodiversity, and human societies. These include deforestation, pollution, biodiversity loss, desertification, and most significantly, climate change. International cooperation through environmental agreements is critical in addressing these issues on a global scale. 1. International Environmental … Read more
Global Resistances: Global Social Movements and NGOs Global resistances refer to collective efforts by individuals, groups, and organizations worldwide to challenge or resist social, political, economic, and environmental injustices. These movements often transcend national boundaries and are driven by shared goals of promoting human rights, social justice, equality, and environmental sustainability. Global resistances often take … Read more
Meaning of Technology: Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, particularly in industry, communication, and everyday life. It involves the creation and use of tools, machines, techniques, systems, and processes to solve problems, enhance efficiency, and improve the quality of life. Technology is a fundamental aspect of human progress and shapes … Read more
Meaning of Culture: Culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group of people or society. It includes both material and non-material aspects, such as language, religion, traditions, laws, art, and social norms, which are passed down from generation to generation. Culture shapes how individuals in a society perceive … Read more
