Health: National Health Mission (NHM) The National Health Mission (NHM) is one of India’s largest health-focused social welfare programs aimed at improving the healthcare system in the country, especially for underserved populations. Launched by the Government of India in 2013, the NHM integrates two key health initiatives—the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the National … Read more
Education: Right to Education (RTE) The Right to Education (RTE) is a landmark social welfare policy in India that ensures free and compulsory education for all children. Enshrined in the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002, and operationalized through the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, this legislation is a significant step … Read more
Concept of Social Welfare Social welfare refers to the various forms of organized public or private social services and assistance provided to individuals and groups in need. It is based on the idea that society has a responsibility to ensure that all its members are provided with the basic necessities of life and have access … Read more
Budget Cycle in India The budget cycle in India refers to the formal process through which the government prepares, presents, approves, and executes its financial plan for the upcoming fiscal year. It is a comprehensive and detailed procedure that involves several stages and actors, including ministries, government agencies, Parliament, and the President of India. The … Read more
Budget : Types, Significance & Impacts 1. Types of Budgets Budgets are categorized based on various factors like the nature of expenses, approach to preparation, and the economic situation. Below are the main types of budgets used by governments, organizations, and individuals : A. Based on Nature of Expenditures B. Based on Economic Situation C. … Read more
Budget: Meaning, Elements, & Objectives Meaning of Budget A budget is a financial plan that outlines the anticipated revenues and expenditures for a specific period, usually one year. It serves as a guide for managing resources effectively, ensuring that spending aligns with the organization or government’s goals. In the public sector, a government budget reflects … Read more
Decentralization offers numerous benefits in governance, administration, and service delivery, but it also comes with several challenges and risks. Understanding both the advantages and disadvantages of decentralization can help governments and organizations design policies that optimize its positive impacts while mitigating its downsides. Advantages of Decentralization 1. Improved Local Governance and Responsiveness 2. Enhanced Accountability … Read more
Decentralization refers to the process of distributing or delegating power, authority, or decision-making responsibilities from a central authority to lower levels of government, organizations, or individuals. It aims to bring decision-making closer to the people or entities affected by those decisions, fostering increased participation, accountability, and efficiency in governance and administration. In the context of … Read more
Public policy models are theoretical frameworks that help in understanding how policies are formulated, implemented, and evaluated in political systems. These models are useful in simplifying the complex reality of the policy-making process. Different models highlight different factors and approaches in public policy formation. Below are the most prominent models of public policy : 1. … Read more
The public policy process in India is a complex and dynamic system involving multiple institutions, actors, and mechanisms. It includes the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies aimed at addressing social, economic, and political issues. India’s public policy process follows a democratic framework, given its parliamentary system of governance. Below is an overview of the … Read more
