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Political defection in India Coalition politics and parties Role of opposition parties in Indian parliamentary system

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(Language is easy, points are clear, suitable for 10–20 mark answers) 1. Political Defection in India Meaning of Political Defection Political defection refers to the situation when an elected representative (MP or MLA) changes his/her political party after elections or votes against the party line. Growth of Coalition Politics in India Major Coalition Governments Role … Read more

Origin and Development of the Indian Party SystemNature and Trends of the Indian Party SystemRegional Parties – Role & Significance in Indian Federalism(Perfect for Multidisciplinary UG Courses, BA, BSc, BCom, UPSC basics, etc.)

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Origin and Development of the Indian Party System 1. Pre-Independence Phase (1885–1947) 2. Congress Dominance Phase (1947–1967) 3. Decline of Congress & Rise of Multiparty System (1967–1989) 4. Coalition Era & Fragmentation (1989–2014) 5. Dominant Party System 2.0 (2014–Present) Nature of the Indian Party System 1. Multi-Party System India has national parties (BJP, INC) and … Read more

Memory Hierarchy

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1. Introduction In the modern computing world, the performance of a computer system largely depends on how efficiently it can access and process data. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for executing instructions, but its speed is limited by how fast data and instructions can be supplied to it. To overcome the performance gap … Read more

Mṛcchakaṭika by Śūdraka: A Reflection of Social, Classical, and Moral Values in Ancient Indian Society

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Introduction The ancient Indian literary tradition is a vast ocean that reflects the cultural, moral, and social evolution of the civilization. Among the numerous Sanskrit plays, Mṛcchakaṭika (The Little Clay Cart) by King Śūdraka holds a special position. This ten-act drama, believed to have been composed between the 2nd century BCE and the 5th century … Read more

NUAKHAI

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🌾 Nuakhai – The Festival of Harvest and Harmony   The festival also highlights the values of unity, sharing, and community bonding. Families reunite, elders bless the younger ones, and people forget disputes to start afresh with love and harmony.   🙏 Rituals and Traditions On the day of Nuakhai, people wake up early, clean … Read more

Global warming

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Here’s a clear and compact set of notes on Global Warming that you can use for study or revision:   ✅ Definition Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth’s average surface temperature due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, … Read more

🌍 Major Social Issues in Today’s World and the Way Forward

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🌍 Major Social Issues in Today’s World and the Way Forward Society is like a mirror—it reflects both our strengths and our weaknesses. While we live in an age of scientific progress, globalization, and rapid development, social issues continue to challenge our path toward equality, justice, and sustainability. These issues not only affect individuals but … Read more

JAGANNATH

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🌸✨ Lord Jagannath: The Lord of the Universe ✨🌸   🌿 “Jagannath is not just a deity in the temple, He is the eternal truth in every heart that beats with love and devotion.” 🌿 ✨🙏 Jai Jagannath! 🙏✨

ODISHA❤️

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ଓଡ଼ିଶା 🏞️🌸 ଭାରତର ପୂର୍ବତଟରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ଓଡ଼ିଶା ରାଜ୍ୟ ଏକ ସମୃଦ୍ଧ ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ ଓ ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ଐତିହ୍ୟର ଭୂମି । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ କାଳରୁ ଏହି ମାଟିରେ ଧର୍ମ, କଳା, ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଓ ସାହସିକ ଐତିହ୍ୟର ସମ୍ମିଳିତ ପ୍ରତିଛବି ଦେଖାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଓଡ଼ିଶା ହେଉଛି ଓଡ଼ିଶୀ ନୃତ୍ୟର ଜନ୍ମଭୂମି । ପଟ୍ଟଚିତ୍ର, ପିପିଳିର ଆପଲିକ୍‌ କାମ, କଟକର ତାରକାସୀ, ସାମ୍ବଲପୁରୀ ବସ୍ତ୍ର ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ସୃଜନଶୀଳତାର ପରିଚୟ । ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣୀ 🎉 ପୁରୀର ରଥଯାତ୍ରା ସମଗ୍ର ବିଶ୍ୱରେ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ । … Read more

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS- THEORIES AND PROBLEMS

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Beginning in the 1990s, several prominent international relations (IR) texts and journals have been published. Many of these now contain a range of essays on the more context-specific one, by publishing only articles with a critical theory focus. The Critical international relations theory is a diverse set of schools of thought in international relations (IR) … Read more